Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Identification of Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Dengue Virus (DENV)

Abstract

Dengue, also called the break bone fever. Dengue disease is caused by dengue virus (DENV) having four categories that escalate by the bite of infected Aedes mosquito’s family are Flaviviridae. The infected person shows the signs and symptoms from mild asymptomatic changes with fever to severe deadly dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Nearly 2.5- 3 billion people stay in dengue-prone areas with more than 100 million new cases ruled out every year worldwide. Number of Dengue cases has increased tremendous ratio in recent years with sudden risk of the increase in the size of human population. A condition known as viremia (medical term: virus present in blood) occurs due to spread of DENV, which represents high level of viruses in bloodstream of patient. In response the immune system gets activated and produces antibodies against the dengue viral particles, which in turn activates the complement cascade which in combination of the antibodies and WBC get rid of the virus. The cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T) produced by the body immune system, which identifies and destroy infected cells. Dengue spreads drastically, its virus regress the immunity of body. DENV reduces the bodies’ resistance and decreases the Platelets count and Hemoglobin. Fall in blood pressure and bleeding from Nose and Gums, Dehydration can occur. Small blood vessels are fragile, the fluid in the body leaks out, accumulate in the lungs. When there is bleeding, the fluid is accumulated in the stomach it can result to mortality or can be fatal. The DENV-3 infection cause Dengue Viral Hemorrhagic fever (VHFs) which is severe and fatal form of the disease. The main Dengue shock syndrome is the most severe form of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever. Dengue has presently become a complex issue according to pathophysiological, economic and ecologic. In the last 5 decades a number of treatment strategies and plans to control dengue came out in India, but the scientific studies related to various problems of dengue disease have been a limited resource in the centers where treatment was carried out. The key note point to reduce the number of disease related morbidity and mortality has to be carried out by early identification and immediate commencement of proper treatment. © 2022 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.