Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Vanillic Acid and its Derivatives

2023-02-16T10:52:24+00:00

Vanillic acid is a type of phenolic acid which occurs widely in natural products. As phenolic acids possess a lot of pharmacological activities, a number of extracts from different natural sources containing vanillic acid were checked for their various biological profiles by different methods. Vanillic acid was found as a good antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antinociceptive agent. Vanillic acyl hydrazone derivatives were found as novel antimicrobial compounds.

Drosophila melanogaster: A Platform to Study Therapeutic Neuromodulating Interventions

2023-04-24T03:17:17+00:00

The Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), is a crucial and straightforward model organism for researching how genetic changes affect behavior and neural activity. Drosophila is used by biologists to study the nervous system because of its genetic tractability, well-known complex behaviors, straightforward neuroanatomy, and numerous human genes orthologs. Due to the Drosophila central nervous system's diminutive size, neurochemical studies are difficult. Recently, electrochemistry-based techniques have been created to monitor the release and clearance of neurotransmitters in real time in both larvae and adults. So, in this study Drosophila models used to study neuromodulator activity were reviewed and compiled using various databases. It is possible to take a close look at the functional role of traditional neuromodulators like octopamine, serotonin, dopamine, and neuropeptides using the genetic toolkit of Drosophila. This study compiles neurotransmitter role such as dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine production in both genetically normal and mutant flies. The fly is a system that is well-suited to shed new light on the complex issue of how neuromodulation might link behavioral demands particular to a given scenario with the level of arousal in the brain. The fly has powerful genetic tools and increasingly well-defined behavioral circuits.

Directly Compressible Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Losartan Potassium via Crystallo-co-agglomeration

2023-04-08T04:23:36+00:00

Background: Losartan potassium possesses poor bioavailability due to low elimination half-life and so requires to be developed as sustained release dosage form. Objectives: The present study was intended to prepare directly compressible sustained release matrix tablets of losartan potassium using hydrophilic polymer. Methods: Directly compressible agglomerates of drug were prepared by crystallo-co-agglomeration technique employing HPMC K100M as release retardant polymer. Prepared agglomerates were subjected for evaluation of flow, packing and compaction properties. Morphology of spherical agglomerates was studied by photomicrography and DSC and FTIR were performed to study drug-excipient compatibility. Optimized formulations of crystallo-co-agglomerates were then compressed into matrix tablets. Tablets were evaluated for various pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial tests. In-vitro dissolution study performed to evaluate drug release. Results: Results for agglomerates indicated superior flow; packing and compaction properties compared to pure drug and suggested utilization of agglomerates for direct compression tableting. DSC and FTIR proved that drug did not undergo structural and/or polymorphic changes in presence of polymer. Photomicrography images confirmed spherical shape of agglomerates. Results observed for evaluation of tablets were within the compendia limits. In-vitro dissolution study revealed extension of drug release for significantly prolonged period of time. Conclusion: Crystallo-co-agglomeration method can be successfully utilized for preparation of directly compressible sustained release matrix tablets.